ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant adiponectin on chicken liver cells. The full-length chicken adiponectin gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into the vector pET-32a, followed by the transformation of the vector into Escherichia coli BL21. SDS-PAGE was used to detect and analyze the purity of the expressed recombinant protein. Induction was performed with 1 mM IPTG at 30 °C for 3 h, and the recombinant thioredoxin–adiponectin fusion protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Chicken adiponectin was successfully expressed and purified in a bacterial system. In addition, the chicken recombinant adiponectin demonstrated that it ameliorates palmitic acid- and oleic acid-induced adipogenesis, in which an increase in β-oxidation and a decrease in lipogenesis-related genes may be involved. In summary, chicken recombinant adiponectin enhances fatty acid metabolism in LMH cells.